| Name | Dates | Brief Bio | Nationality | Area | Interests | Major Work(s) | Video | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Francis Bacon | 1744-1829 | 
 biology | evolution | Philosophie zoologique, |
| Galileo | Galilei 1753-1821
| 
 politics | social hierarchy, monarchy | Letters from a Savoyard Royalist |
| Marin | Mersenne 1760-1825
| 
politics | socialism | Lettres d'un habitant de Genève, Du système industriel |
| Pierre | Gassendi 1766-1817
| 
politics | salonniere, novelist | The Influence of Literature upon Society |
| René | Descartes 1770-1831
| 
philosophy | epistemology, aesthetics, history, religion | The Phenomenology of Spirit, | The Science of Logic
| Thomas | Hobbes 1788-1860
| 
philosophy | epistemology, atheism, ethics | The World as Will and Representation | 
François | de La Rochefoucauld 1798-1857
| 
social philosophy | utopian socialism, positivism | Religion of Humanity |
| Blaise | Pascal 1803-1882
| 
essayist | transcendentalism, individualism | Essays: First Series, | Essays: Second Series
| Margaret | Cavendish 1805-1859
|  
politics, history | living standards, social conditions | Democracy in America |
| Robert | Boyle 1806-1873
| 
social, political theory | utilitarianism, liberty | The Subjection of Women, | On Liberty
| Baruch | Spinoza 1809/1865
| 
politics, economics | anarchism | Property is theft! |
| John | Locke 1809-1882
| 
naturalist, geologist, biologist | evolution | On the Origin of Species, | The Descent of Man
| Isaac | Newton 1813-1855
| |
