Romanticism

Period: 1765-1850

Subjects: medieval subjects, powerful nature, imagination over realism
Techniques:
Notable Artists: Géricault, Delacroix, Goya, Friedrich, Bierstadt
Etc.: art that celebrates passions, intense personal expression, melancholy, hopelessness, despair

Realism

Period: 1840-1880

Subjects: real subjects, everyday scenes of middle-class and poor people, rural scenes
Techniques: strict perspective, muted (realistic) colors
Notable Artists: Courbet, Millet, Daumier, early Manet, Sargent
Etc.: socially critical, broke from religious ideals

Impressionism

Period: 1870-1890

Subjects: contemporary life, outdoor settings, portraiture, ballet dancers (Degas)
Techniques: rough, bold, short brush strokes, unblended colors, play of natural light
Notable Artists: Monet, Degas, Renoir, Pisarro, Morisot
Etc.: paint in tubes allowed them to paint outdoors (with natural light)

Post-Impressionism

Period: 1885-1905

Subjects: varied
Techniques: brighter colors
Notable Artists: Cezanne, Van Gogh, Gaugin
Etc.:

Art Nouveau [not tested]

Period: 1890-1910

Subjects: varied, especially idealized women
Techniques: flowing, twisting lines of nature, simplicity, muted colors, two-dimensional (“flat”) imagery; muted colors, swirling lines, natural imagery
Notable Artists: Lautrec, Tiffany, Mucha, Klimt
Etc.: influenced by Japanese woodblock printing, Arts & Crafts Movement; created posters (especially advertising)

Fauvism [not tested]

Period: 1905-1940

Subjects: bourgeois leisure, country settings
Techniques: non-natural colors; bold, vivid colors; simple compositions--almost abstract;
flat (2-dimensional) imagery
Notable Artists: Matisse, Chagall, Derain, Rouault, Rousseau
Etc.:

Cubism

Period: 1907-1915

Subjects: varied
Techniques: 2-dimensional figures from different perspectives, geometric shapes, distorted/fragmented objects
Notable Artists: Picasso, Braque, Duchamp
Etc.:

Expressionism [not tested]

Period: 1905-1940

Subjects: alienation, anxiety, modernism
Techniques: jagged form, distortion, large brushwork, bright, exotic colors
Notable Artists: Munch, Schiele, Dix, Grosz, Chagall, Kandinsky, Mondrian
Etc.: not representational subject

Dada

Period: 1916-1922

Subjects: everything -- but with irrational composition
Techniques: collage, photography, poetry
Notable Artists: Duchamp, Man Ray
Etc.: promoted confusion, an anti-art movement

Surrealism

Period: 1924-1939

Subjects: "dreamlike" compositions
Techniques: unexpected juxtapositions
Notable Artists: Ernst, Dali, Magritte, de Chirico
Etc.: influenced by Freud’s unconsciousness

Pop Art [not tested]

Period: 1955-1970

Subjects:
Techniques:
Notable Artists: Warhol, Lichenstein, Oldenburg, Hamilton
Etc.: