21a. Use a semicolon between independent clauses in a sentence if they are not joined by and, but, or, nor, for, yet.
21b. Use a semicolon between independent clauses joined by such words as for example, for instance, that is, besides, accordingly, moreover, nevertheless, furthermore, otherwise, therefore, however, consequently, instead, hence.
21c. A semicolon (rather than a comma) may be needed to separate the independent clauses of a compound sentence if there are commas within the clauses.
21d. Use a semicolon between Items In a series if the Items contain commas.
21e. Use a colon to mean “note what follows.”
21f. Use a colon in certain conventional situations.
between the hour and the minute when you write the time.
between chapter and verse In referring to passages from the Bible.
after the salutation of a business letter.
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